Fluorescein disodium salt

What is fluorescein sodium salt?

Fluorescein sodium salt is the water-soluble sodium derivative of fluorescein, a synthetic organic compound belonging to the xanthene dye family. This orange-red powder dissolves readily in water to form a highly fluorescent yellow-green solution. The sodium salt form (C20H10Na2O5) offers improved solubility and stability compared to free fluorescein acid, making it preferable for medical and diagnostic applications. Its intense fluorescence under blue light (490nm excitation) stems from its rigid, planar molecular structure that allows efficient light absorption and emission. The compound maintains stable fluorescent properties across a wide pH range when properly formulated.

What is the use of fluorescein sodium salt?

Fluorescein sodium salt is primarily used in ophthalmology for diagnostic procedures like fluorescein angiography to examine retinal circulation and detect eye abnormalities. It serves as a vital stain to identify corneal epithelial defects when applied as eye drops. The dye is also employed in urology for bladder function tests and in neurosurgery to help visualize brain tumors. Industrial applications include water flow tracing in hydrological studies and leak detection in plumbing systems. Its high fluorescence quantum yield makes it valuable as a fluorescent tracer in various scientific research applications and quality control processes.

Is fluorescein sodium salt safe?

Fluorescein sodium salt is generally safe when used appropriately in diagnostic procedures, though minor side effects may occur. Topical ophthalmic use typically causes only temporary stinging and yellowish discoloration of vision. Intravenous administration can rarely trigger allergic reactions ranging from nausea to anaphylaxis in sensitive individuals. The compound has low systemic toxicity and is rapidly excreted by the kidneys. Regulatory agencies worldwide approve its use in medical diagnostics, with adverse events occurring in less than 1% of cases when proper protocols are followed. Contraindications include known hypersensitivity and severe renal impairment requiring dosage adjustment.