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18-Crown-6
Kemia Nomo |
18-Crown-6 |
Sinonimoj |
1,4,7,10,13,16-Hexaoxacyclooctadecane; Hexaoxacyclo-octadecane; 18-Crown 6-ether |
CAS No. |
17455-13-9 |
Molekula formulo |
C12H24O6 |
Molekula pezo |
264.32 |
Molekula Strukturo |
|
Detaloj |
Appearance: white solid Purity: 99.0% min. |
Ĉefa Apliko |
Cyanoacrylate adhesive curing accelerator, phase transfer catalyst in synthetic organic chemistry. Extraction and separation of extractant - complexing agent, precious metals and rare earth elements, the electronics industry ion conductive materials, liquid crystal display element material. |
- Phase - Transfer Catalysis: 18 - Crown - 6 is widely employed as a phase - transfer catalyst in organic reactions. In reactions involving immiscible phases, such as an aqueous and an organic phase, the crown ether can shuttle ionic reactants between the two phases. For instance, in the synthesis of esters from carboxylate salts and alkyl halides, 18 - Crown - 6 complexes with the metal cation associated with the carboxylate ion, facilitating its transfer to the organic phase where it reacts with the alkyl halide. This significantly boosts the reaction rate and yield.
- Reaction Rate Enhancement: In certain organic reactions, the complexation of 18 - Crown - 6 with metal ions can accelerate the reaction. In nucleophilic substitution reactions, the presence of a metal - crown ether complex can increase the reactivity of the nucleophile, leading to faster reaction kinetics and more efficient product formation.
- Metal Ion Detection and Separation: In analytical chemistry, 18 - Crown - 6 is used for the detection and separation of metal ions. Its selective complexation with specific metal ions can be harnessed in chromatographic techniques. For example, in ion - exchange chromatography, columns can be modified with 18 - Crown - 6 to selectively retain and separate metal ions based on their complexation ability. This is particularly useful in environmental analysis, where the determination of trace metal ions in water, soil, or air samples is essential.
- Sensor Development: 18 - Crown - 6 can be incorporated into sensors for the detection of metal ions. By attaching a suitable reporter group to the crown ether, changes in the fluorescence, electrochemical, or optical properties of the sensor can be observed upon complexation with a specific metal ion. This enables the sensitive and selective detection of metal ions in various samples, including biological fluids and industrial effluents.
- Polymer Modification: In polymer science, 18 - Crown - 6 can be used to modify polymers. Incorporating 18 - Crown - 6 units into polymer chains endows the resulting polymers with unique properties. For example, the polymer may gain enhanced metal - binding capabilities, which can be exploited in applications such as metal ion removal from wastewater or in the preparation of self - assembling materials with specific metal - ion - mediated interactions.
- Ion - Conducting Materials: 18 - Crown - 6 can be used to fabricate ion - conducting materials. When complexed with metal salts, these materials can exhibit improved ionic conductivity, making them suitable for applications in batteries, fuel cells, and other electrochemical devices. The crown ether helps facilitate the movement of ions within the material, enhancing its overall electrochemical performance.
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- 18 - Crown - 6 is harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin.
- It may cause skin and eye irritation. Prolonged or repeated exposure may have adverse effects on health.
- Contact with strong oxidizing agents can trigger dangerous reactions.
- When handling 18 - Crown - 6, always wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including chemical - resistant gloves, safety goggles, and a lab coat or protective apron.
- Work in a well - ventilated area, preferably under a fume hood, to avoid inhalation of dust or vapors.
- In case of contact with skin, immediately wash the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical advice. If the compound gets into the eyes, rinse the eyes thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes, lifting the eyelids occasionally, and then seek immediate medical attention.
- Do not eat, drink, or smoke in the area where 18 - Crown - 6 is being used.
- Store 18 - Crown - 6 in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
- Keep it in a tightly sealed container to prevent moisture absorption and contact with air, which could potentially degrade its chemical properties.
- Store it separately from incompatible substances such as strong oxidizing agents and acids to avoid dangerous reactions.
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