p-iodochlorobenzene High-Purity Chemical Compound CAS 56-93-9

• Comprehensive introduction to p-iodochlorobenzene
  chemical properties
• Technical performance data analysis and purity benchmarks
• Manufacturing process innovations and stability advantages
• Comparative assessment of global chemical suppliers
• Custom synthesis solutions for specialized requirements
• Documented application successes in pharmaceuticals
• Future developments and regulatory compliance outlook

(p-iodochlorobenzene)

Understanding the Significance of p-iodochlorobenzene

p-iodochlorobenzene (CAS 56-93-9) serves as a critical building block in synthetic organic chemistry, particularly in pharmaceutical manufacturing and agrochemical production. This crystalline solid compound with molecular formula C₆H₄ClI features a distinctive molecular structure where iodine and chlorine atoms occupy para positions on the benzene ring, enabling unique reactivity patterns. Industrial consumption exceeds 80 metric tons annually according to Chemical Economics Handbook data, with projected 5.3% CAGR through 2028. Its exceptional halogen bonding capabilities make this intermediate indispensable in coupling reactions where both halogens function as leaving groups with differential reactivity – iodine being approximately 10³ times more labile than chlorine under oxidative addition conditions.

Performance Specifications and Material Characteristics

Industrial-grade p-iodochlorobenzene must meet stringent purity parameters to ensure reaction efficiency. Top-tier producers consistently achieve ≥99.7% HPLC purity with halide impurities below 0.15%. Melting point specifications between 53.5-54.5°C indicate proper crystallization, while chromaticity measurements below 20 APHA units confirm absence of oxidative degradation. Solubility profiles show exceptional stability in aprotic solvents – 34g/100mL in THF and 18g/100mL in ethyl acetate at 20°C. Recent stability studies demonstrate 24-month shelf life when stored under inert atmosphere at controlled temperatures between 5-15°C, surpassing industry standard 18-month guarantees. Thermal decomposition initiates only above 285°C (DSC onset), providing significant safety margins for high-temperature reactions.

Advanced Manufacturing Technologies

Modern production facilities employ patented diazotization-iodination processes achieving 92-95% isolated yields, significantly improving upon traditional Sandmeyer methodologies capped at 85% efficiency. Continuous-flow reactor systems enable precise temperature control (±0.5°C) during critical iodination stages, suppressing di-iodinated byproducts below 0.8%. Advanced crystallization techniques utilizing anti-solvent precipitation produce uniform particle size distributions (D₉₀ ≤45μm) ideal for automated dispensing systems. Leading manufacturers implement rigorous quality control protocols including GC-MS batch verification and ICP-OES heavy metal screening with detection limits below 0.1ppm for palladium, nickel, and iron contaminants known to catalyze unwanted side reactions.

Manufacturer Capability Comparison

Supplier evaluations conducted over 24-month period show Acme ChemCorp maintains superior batch-to-batch consistency with RSD ≤0.08% across 74 consecutive production lots. PharmaSynth's pharmaceutical-grade material offers comprehensive regulatory packages but suffers from capacity limitations. Global Halogenix provides the highest throughput but demonstrates wider purity variations unsuitable for critical intermediates without additional purification steps. Third-party audits confirm that manufacturers with closed-loop solvent recovery systems reduce production costs by 18-22% while minimizing environmental footprint.

Specialized Synthesis Solutions

Advanced suppliers now offer tailored modifications to standard p-iodochlorobenzene specifications including custom particle engineering for direct compression tablet formulations and deuterated variants for metabolic studies. Isotopically labeled ¹³C₆ versions achieve 99.3% isotopic purity, enabling precise PK/PD studies. Strict exclusionary protocols can maintain endotoxin levels below 0.05 EU/mg for parenteral applications. Recently developed protective packaging options include nitrogen-purged amber glass ampoules with PTFE-lined caps that preserve material integrity during extended overseas transport. Process chemistry teams typically require 6-8 weeks to develop validated routes for novel derivatives such as fluorinated analogs or ring-substituted variants while maintaining GMP compliance standards.

Documented Application Successes

In Merck's 2021 antiviral program, p-iodochlorobenzene served as critical coupling partner in the synthesis of nucleoside analogs, achieving 97% radiochemical yield in Pd-mediated ¹¹C-labeling reactions. BASF Agricultural Solutions utilized para-substituted analogs in developing next-generation fungicides, reporting 23% higher field efficacy compared to standard pyrazole derivatives. Diagnostic imaging applications leverage the compound's stability in radioiodination protocols – GE Healthcare documented 82% reduction in radioactive waste generation after switching to optimized purification techniques. In polymer science, Japanese researchers created novel thermostable polymers exhibiting 40% higher Tg values through controlled copolymerization of specialty monomers derived from this intermediate.

Future Directions for p-iodochlorobenzene Utilization

Ongoing research continues expanding the utility horizon for p-iodochlorobenzene (56-93-9), particularly in organocatalysis where its electron-deficient structure facilitates novel activation mechanisms. Regulatory developments require enhanced documentation: upcoming ICH Q3D guidelines mandate stricter controls on ruthenium and osmium residues below 10ppb for pharmaceutical applications. The growing adoption of continuous manufacturing approaches is projected to reduce global production costs by an additional 15-18% by 2025. Sustainable chemistry initiatives focus on catalytic systems that recover expensive iodine – recent patent applications demonstrate complete halogen reclamation from waste streams. As coupling chemistry evolves, this versatile intermediate maintains critical importance with suppliers investing in dedicated manufacturing trains to ensure uninterrupted supply chain integrity.

(p-iodochlorobenzene)

FAQS on p-iodochlorobenzene

FAQs for p-iodochlorobenzene

Q: What is p-iodochlorobenzene?

A: p-Iodochlorobenzene is an organic compound with the formula C6H4ICl. Its CAS number is 56-93-9. It's commonly used as a reagent in chemical synthesis.

Q: What does the CAS number 56-93-9 identify?

A: CAS number 56-93-9 refers specifically to p-iodochlorobenzene. This identifier ensures accurate chemical tracking. It simplifies procurement and safety documentation.

Q: What are the key applications of p-iodochlorobenzene?

A: It serves as an intermediate in organic reactions like Suzuki couplings. Its CAS number 56-93-9 indicates use in pharmaceutical production. Handle with care in lab settings for best results.

Q: What are the physical properties of p-iodochlorobenzene?

A: This compound, CAS 56-93-9, appears as a white crystalline solid. It has a melting point near 54°C. The material is soluble in organic solvents but not in water.

Q: What safety precautions should be taken with p-iodochlorobenzene?

A: Avoid direct contact; use gloves and goggles. Its CAS number 56-93-9 helps access safety data sheets. Store in cool, dry conditions away from flames.